T CELL: T cells are lymphocytes that are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. T cells are responsible for mediating the second branch of the immune system called "cellular immune response." T cells can live for months to years. This lymphocyte population is defined by the presence of a rearranged T-cell receptor.

T-LYMPHOCYTE: Mononuclear white blood cells having the property of destroying target cells.

TAURINE: A nonessential amino acid but may be essential for individuals with certain diseases or nutritional concerns. May be needed for the proper development and maintenance of the central nervous system. Taurine's role in bile formation is important for fat metabolism and blood cholesterol control.

TERATOGENIC: Causing malformations in a fetus.

TESTOSTERONE: A naturally occurring androgenic hormone.

THIAMINE: (Vitamin B-1) A B-complex vitamin that acts as a coenzyme necessary for the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose, which is burned in the body for energy. It is essential for the functioning of the nervous system.

THREONINE: An essential amino acid needed for proper growth in infants and maintenance of nitrogen balance in adults.

TOCOPHEROL: Any of several fat-soluble, oily, phenolic compounds with antioxidant vitamin E activity.

TOCOTRIENOL: Form of vitamin E that differs from tocopherols by possessing three double bonds in its side chain rather than being saturated. Tocotrienols have recently been isolated and have antioxidant capabilities greater than vitamins C and E and their tocopherol counterpart.

TPN: TPN stands for Total Parenteral Nutrition-- can provide all or most of a patient's nutrient requirements by intravenous means.

TRACE ELEMENT: Essential mineral that is essential to nutrition. Nutritionists prefer to call minerals either minerals or trace minerals depending on the amount needed by the body, while analytical chemists prefer to call minerals, trace elements.

TRIVALENT: Having a chemical valence of three

TRYPTOPHAN: Essential amino acid. Natural relaxant and sleep aid due to its precursor role in serotonin (a neurotransmitter) synthesis. Along with tyrosine, it is used in the treatment of addictions.

TYRAMINE: An amino acid synthesized in the body from the essential amino acid tyrosine that has a sympathomimetic action and is derived from tyrosine.

TYROSINE: A nonessential amino acid but may be essential for individuals with certain diseases or nutritional concerns. May be important for neurotransmitter synthesis and mood regulation. May be useful for depression, allergies and addictive states.

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