LDL (low density lipoprotein): Also known as "bad" cholesterol, LDL's are large, dense, protein-fat particles composed of a moderate proportion of protein and a high proportion of cholesterol. Higher levels of LDL's are associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.

LECITHIN: Any of a group of phospholipids common in plants and animals. They are essential for the metabolism of fats and are used in the processing of foods. Deficiency leads to hepatic and renal disorders, high serum cholesterol levels, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.

LEUCINE: A white, crystalline amino acid essential for optimal growth in infants and nitrogen equilibrium in adults. It cannot be synthesized by the body and is obtained by the hydrolysis of food protein during pancreatic enzyme digestion.

LEUKOCYTE: A white blood cell which appears 5,000 to 10,000 times in each cubic millimeter of normal human blood. Among the most important functions are destroying bacteria, fungi and viruses and rendering harmless poisonous substances that may result from allergic reactions and cell injury.

LICORICE: An herb, (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Millions of pounds of licorice are annually imported into the United States, mostly originating in the eastern Mediterranean region. About ninety percent of this herb is used in flavoring tobacco products. Licorice is about fifty times sweeter than sugar and comes in a commercial form known as ammoniated glycyrrhizin.

LIPID METABOLISM: Conversion of fatty materials to energy and by-products.

LIPOIC ACID: A sulfur-containing coenzyme used in the energy process and is also a powerful antioxidant. Has been used therapeutically in the treatment of AIDS and diabetes because of the synergy between alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E and the interlocking cycles which lead to better optimization of antioxidant nutrients.

LIPOPROTEIN: Complex particles made of proteins, lipids and cholesterol. According to their density when separated by ultracentrifugation, a distinction is made between the low-density (LDL) and the high-density (HDL) lipoproteins.

LIPOSTEROL: Fat soluble sterols. Sterols are a large subgroup of steroids containing an OH group at position 3 on the carbon chain and a branched aliphatic side chain of eight or more carbon atoms at position 17.

LYMPHOCYTE: A small white cell which normally includes 25% of the total white blood cell count but increases in number in response to infection. T and B lymphocytes are responsible for all specific recognition of antigens.

LYSINE: Essential amino acid. Important for growth, tissue repair, and the production of hormones, enzymes and antibodies. Research indicates that lysine may be useful in the treatment of migraine and herpes simplex. Precursor to carnitine in the body.

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