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IMMUNE SYSTEM: A complex system of substances and organs that protect the body against disease and infection. IN VITRO: From the Latin meaning "in glass." The term is applied to biological processes studied experimentally in isolation from the organism. IN VIVO: From the Latin meaning "in living" The term is applied the study of processes in the living organism. INOSITOL: Usually considered part of the vitamin B complex. It is thought that along with choline, inositol is necessary for the formation of lecithin within the body. Involved in calcium mobilization. INSOLUBLE: An adjective that describes a substance that is incapable of being dissolved in a liquid. INSULIN: A protein pancreatic hormone that is essential especially for the metabolism of carbohydrates and is used in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus. IODINE: A essential mineral that is an integral part of the thyroid hormones, thyroxin and triodothyronine which have important metabolic roles and govern basal metabolism. The best known iodine deficiency symptom is goiter. Other iodine deficiency problems are reduced vitality, hypothyrodism, inability to think clearly, low resistance to infection, loss of control of the muscles of the mouth resulting in mouth contortion and drooling, defective teeth, tendency to obesity and cretinism which is a congenital abnormal condition marked by physical stunting and mental deficiency. ION: An atom or group of atoms that has acquired an electric charge through the gain or loss of an electron or electrons. IRON: An essential mineral. Prevents anemia: as a constituent of hemoglobin, transports oxygen throughout the body. Virtually all of the oxygen used by cells in the life process are brought to the cells by the hemoglobin of red blood cells. Iron is a small but most vital, component of the hemoglobin in 20,000 billion red blood cells, of which 115 million are formed every minute. ISOLEUCINE: Essential amino acid. Isoleucine is essential for proper growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. IU: International units. |
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